Why Is My Dog Scratching Its Ears and Shaking Its Head at Night? Understanding the Causes and Solutions
Introduction
If you’ve ever noticed your dog scratching its ears and shaking its head, especially during the night, you may have wondered whether it’s a sign of something serious. While occasional scratching can be normal, if it happens frequently, it might indicate
an underlying health issue. As pet owners, it’s essential to understand the potential causes of these behaviors and how to address them effectively.
This comprehensive guide explores the most common reasons why your dog might be scratching its ears and shaking its head at night, what you can do to help, and when it’s time to seek veterinary care. Whether your dog is a puppy or an adult, knowing what
to look for can help prevent discomfort and ensure your pet stays healthy and happy.
1. Ear Infections: The Most Common Cause
One of the most frequent causes of ear scratching and head shaking in dogs is an ear infection. These infections can occur in the ear canal, leading to irritation, pain, and itching. Dogs with floppy ears or long hair around their ears
are particularly prone to ear infections due to poor ventilation in the ear canal.
Symptoms of an Ear Infection:
- Persistent scratching of the ears
- Head shaking or tilting
- Redness or swelling in the ear canal
- A foul odor from the ears
- Excessive wax buildup or discharge
- Sensitivity or pain when the ear is touched
Why Does This Happen?
Ear infections can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, or even parasites like ear mites. Allergies and moisture buildup from swimming or bathing can also contribute to the development of infections.
What You Can Do:
- Clean the ears: Gently clean your dog’s ears with a veterinarian-approved ear cleaner. Avoid using cotton swabs, as they can push debris further into the ear.
- Visit a vet: If symptoms persist or worsen, it’s important to take your dog to a veterinarian. A professional will be able to diagnose the type of infection (bacterial, fungal, or parasitic) and recommend the appropriate treatment,
which may include ear drops or oral antibiotics.
2. Allergies: Itchy Ears and Skin Irritations
Just like humans, dogs can suffer from allergies that cause itching, including itchy ears and skin. Food allergies, environmental allergies, or seasonal allergies can all lead to discomfort that manifests
through scratching and head shaking.
Symptoms of Allergies:
- Frequent scratching or licking of ears, paws, or body
- Head shaking
- Red or inflamed skin, especially around the ears
- Watery eyes or runny nose
- Vomiting or diarrhea (in case of food allergies)
Why Does This Happen?
Food allergies, such as reactions to chicken, beef, wheat, or dairy, can cause ear itching and discomfort. Environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold, or even certain chemicals in cleaning products can also trigger reactions.
Additionally, seasonal allergies tend to peak during specific times of the year, especially in the spring and fall.
What You Can Do:
- Monitor your dog’s diet: If you suspect food allergies, consider switching to a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic dog food. Consult your vet for guidance.
- Use allergy medications: Your veterinarian may recommend antihistamines or other allergy medications to help manage your dog’s symptoms.
- Keep the environment clean: Regularly wash your dog’s bedding and vacuum your home to reduce dust and allergens. Use air purifiers to minimize airborne allergens.
3. Ear Mites: Tiny Pests Causing Big Problems
Ear mites are another common cause of ear scratching and head shaking, particularly in puppies or dogs that spend time around other animals. These tiny parasites feed on ear wax and oils, causing intense itching and irritation.
Symptoms of Ear Mites:
- Intense scratching of the ears
- Head shaking
- Black or brown discharge in the ears
- A strong odor from the ears
- Inflammation or redness around the ear canal
Why Does This Happen?
Ear mites are highly contagious and can be passed from one animal to another. They thrive in the warm, moist environment of a dog’s ear and can cause inflammation, pain, and infection.
What You Can Do:
- Visit a veterinarian: Ear mites are diagnosed through a simple examination or by taking a sample of ear discharge to examine under a microscope. Your vet will prescribe topical treatments or medicated ear drops to eliminate the mites.
- Treat all pets in the household: Since ear mites are contagious, any other pets in the household should be treated to prevent re-infection.
4. Foreign Objects in the Ear Canal
Sometimes, your dog might scratch its ears and shake its head because a foreign object is lodged in the ear canal. This could be a piece of grass, dirt, or even a small insect.
Symptoms of a Foreign Object:
- Sudden and intense ear scratching or head shaking
- Sensitivity or pain when the ear is touched
- Ear discharge or blood (if the object causes injury)
- Unusual behavior or irritability
Why Does This Happen?
Dogs often explore their environment with their noses and mouths, which can lead to foreign objects getting stuck in their ears. This is especially common for dogs that enjoy outdoor activities, like running through tall grass or swimming.
What You Can Do:
- Examine your dog’s ears: If you notice unusual behavior or symptoms, check your dog’s ears for any visible debris or foreign objects. Be gentle when doing so, as the ear canal is sensitive.
- Visit a veterinarian: If you’re unable to remove the object yourself or if it’s deep in the ear canal, consult your vet. They can safely remove the object and check for any resulting injury or infection.
5. Dry Skin and Dandruff
Dry skin can also be a culprit behind ear scratching and head shaking. This condition is often exacerbated by cold weather, dry indoor air, or even certain shampoos. In some cases, dry skin can lead to flakes or dandruff, which may cause
your dog to scratch at its ears or face.
Symptoms of Dry Skin:
- Flaky skin around the ears or body
- Dull or rough coat
- Itching and scratching, especially after baths or during the winter months
- Redness or irritation
Why Does This Happen?
Dry air, cold temperatures, or bathing your dog too often with harsh shampoos can strip the skin of its natural oils. This can lead to dryness, flakiness, and itching.
What You Can Do:
- Use moisturizing shampoos: Opt for a gentle, moisturizing shampoo designed for dogs to prevent drying out their skin.
- Add omega fatty acids to their diet: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can help improve your dog’s skin health and reduce dryness. Consider adding fish oil supplements to their food after consulting with your vet.
- Maintain humidity: If you live in a dry climate, consider using a humidifier in your home to prevent your dog’s skin from becoming overly dry.
6. When to See a Veterinarian
If your dog’s ear scratching and head shaking persist for more than a few days or if you notice any of the following symptoms, it’s time to seek veterinary attention:
- Severe redness, swelling, or bleeding in the ears
- Foul-smelling ear discharge
- Loss of balance or difficulty walking
- Significant pain when the ears are touched
- Behavioral changes such as irritability or lethargy
A veterinarian will be able to conduct a thorough examination, diagnose the cause of your dog’s symptoms, and provide appropriate treatment options.
Conclusion
Ear scratching and head shaking are common behaviors that many dogs exhibit at some point in their lives. While they may not always signal a serious problem, persistent or frequent symptoms should be addressed promptly to ensure your dog’s comfort and
well-being.
From ear infections and allergies to ear mites and foreign objects, understanding the causes of ear-related discomfort in dogs is essential for providing timely care. By staying vigilant and consulting with your veterinarian when necessary, you can help
your dog find relief and prevent further issues.
If you’re concerned about your dog’s health, don’t hesitate to reach out to your vet for a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan. Your dog’s ears—and overall health—deserve the best care possible!
FAQs
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Can my dog get ear infections from swimming?Yes, dogs that swim frequently are more prone to ear infections due to moisture buildup in the ear canal. Dry your dog’s ears after swimming to reduce the risk.
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How can I prevent my dog from getting ear mites?Keep your dog away from animals that are known to have ear mites. Regular ear checks and cleaning can also help prevent infestations.
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Is it normal for my dog to shake its head occasionally?Occasional head shaking is normal, but if it becomes excessive or is accompanied by scratching, it’s worth investigating further.
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Are there home remedies for ear infections in dogs?While some pet owners use home remedies, it’s important to consult your vet for the proper diagnosis and treatment. Self-treatment could worsen the condition if not done correctly.
