Why Is My Dog Choking and Coughing? Understanding the Causes and What to Do
When your dog starts choking and coughing, it can be a terrifying experience for any pet owner. Whether it’s a sudden episode or a recurring problem, it’s important to understand the possible causes behind these symptoms and how to address them. In this
comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the common reasons why dogs choke and cough, when it’s time to seek veterinary care, and the best ways to help your furry friend feel better.
Understanding Choking and Coughing in Dogs
Before diving into the causes, let’s first clarify the difference between choking and coughing. While these two symptoms might seem similar, they serve different functions in your dog’s body.
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Choking: This occurs when something obstructs your dog’s airway, making it difficult or impossible for them to breathe properly. Choking can happen due to an object stuck in the throat, such as a toy, bone, or piece of food.
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Coughing: A cough is a reflex that helps clear the airways of irritants or foreign objects. Coughing in dogs is usually due to irritation in the throat or lungs, which could be caused by infections, allergies, or other health
issues.
Both symptoms require attention, but the treatments and underlying causes differ. Let’s take a closer look at the specific reasons why your dog might be choking or coughing.
1. Choking: Common Causes and Symptoms
Choking is a potentially life-threatening condition, as it obstructs airflow to your dog’s lungs. Here are some of the most common causes of choking in dogs:
a. Foreign Objects
Dogs are known for their tendency to chew on anything they find, including toys, sticks, or even household items. If a small object like a toy or bone gets lodged in your dog’s throat, it can cause choking. This is especially common in puppies and dogs
that are particularly playful or curious.
Symptoms of choking:
- Gagging or retching
- Pawing at the mouth or throat
- Difficulty breathing or panting
- Bluish gums or tongue (indicating a lack of oxygen)
- A change in vocalization (whining or barking with difficulty)
b. Food or Treats
Dogs can also choke on food, especially if they eat too quickly or attempt to swallow large chunks. Dry food, bones, and treats are common culprits. In some cases, the food may get lodged in the dog’s esophagus, causing irritation and obstruction.
Symptoms of food-related choking:
- Sudden gagging or coughing after eating
- Drooling excessively
- Discomfort or agitation after eating
c. Collapsed Trachea
A collapsed trachea is a common condition, especially in small dog breeds, where the cartilage in the windpipe weakens, leading to difficulty breathing and coughing. While this condition doesn’t usually cause immediate choking, it can result in coughing
episodes that may seem like your dog is struggling to breathe.
Symptoms of a collapsed trachea:
- A persistent, honking cough
- Gagging, especially when excited or pulling on the leash
- Labored breathing or wheezing
2. Coughing: Understanding the Causes
Coughing can be triggered by a variety of factors, ranging from simple irritants to more serious underlying health conditions. Here are some common causes of coughing in dogs:
a. Kennel Cough (Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis)
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a mix of viruses and bacteria. It is most commonly spread in places where dogs congregate, such as boarding facilities, dog parks, and shelters. If your dog has recently been in such an
environment, kennel cough could be the culprit.
Symptoms of kennel cough:
- A dry, hacking cough
- Sneezing and nasal discharge
- Lethargy or loss of appetite
b. Heart Disease
Heart disease, particularly congestive heart failure (CHF), can cause coughing in dogs. The condition occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs. This fluid can irritate the airways and cause coughing,
especially at night or after exercise.
Symptoms of heart disease-related coughing:
- Persistent coughing, especially at night or after exertion
- Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
- Exercise intolerance or fatigue
c. Allergies
Just like humans, dogs can suffer from allergies that cause coughing, sneezing, or wheezing. Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, and certain foods can irritate your dog’s airways. Allergic reactions can also trigger coughing episodes, which might
be accompanied by itchy skin, watery eyes, or ear infections.
Symptoms of allergic coughing:
- Seasonal coughing or sneezing
- Itchy or inflamed skin
- Watery eyes or ear infections
d. Parasites (Heartworms and Lungworms)
Certain parasitic infections can cause coughing in dogs. Heartworms, which are transmitted by mosquitoes, can damage the heart and lungs, leading to persistent coughing. Similarly, lungworms (which affect the respiratory tract) can also cause coughing,
along with difficulty breathing and weight loss.
Symptoms of parasitic-related coughing:
- Persistent coughing
- Difficulty breathing
- Weight loss or lethargy
e. Canine Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lungs that can lead to severe coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and can develop as a result of untreated kennel cough or other respiratory infections.
Symptoms of pneumonia:
- A productive cough with mucus or phlegm
- Labored breathing and fever
- Loss of appetite or lethargy
f. Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the airways, often seen in older dogs or those exposed to environmental pollutants. It causes persistent coughing and difficulty breathing and can worsen over time if not treated.
Symptoms of chronic bronchitis:
- Persistent cough, especially during or after exercise
- Wheezing or labored breathing
- Increased respiratory rate
3. When to See a Veterinarian
If your dog is choking, it’s crucial to act quickly. Choking is a medical emergency, and every second counts. If your dog is unable to breathe, attempt to clear the airway by performing a Heimlich maneuver or rushing them to the emergency
vet.
For coughing, if the symptoms are persistent, worsening, or accompanied by other signs of distress (e.g., difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, or lethargy), it’s important to consult a veterinarian. Early intervention can help prevent the condition
from escalating and ensure your dog receives the proper treatment.
4. Preventing Choking and Coughing in Dogs
Preventing choking and coughing involves a mix of proactive care and awareness. Here are some tips:
a. Preventing Choking:
- Supervise playtime: Always watch your dog when they’re playing with toys, especially small ones that can be swallowed.
- Provide safe chew toys: Opt for chew toys that are large enough to avoid swallowing or choking.
- Feed slowly: If your dog tends to eat quickly, consider using a slow feeder bowl to reduce the risk of choking.
b. Preventing Coughing:
- Vaccinate against kennel cough: If your dog is frequently in contact with other dogs, make sure they’re up to date on their vaccinations.
- Limit exposure to allergens: If your dog suffers from allergies, try to reduce their exposure to common allergens like pollen, dust, or certain foods.
- Regular vet checkups: Regular health checkups can help catch early signs of heart disease, respiratory infections, or parasites.
5. Conclusion: Keep Your Dog Healthy and Happy
Choking and coughing in dogs can be unsettling, but with the right knowledge and care, you can help your pet recover and live a healthy life. Always stay vigilant about potential causes and take appropriate action when necessary. If you’re unsure of the
cause or the symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian. With proper care and attention, your dog will be back to feeling their best in no time.
